Environmental Science and Engineering :
UNIT - I Environment, Ecosystems and Biodiversity (Chapters - 1, 3, 4)
Definition, Scope and importance of risk and hazards; Chemical hazards, Physical hazards, Biological hazards in the environment - Concept of an ecosystem - Structure and function of an ecosystem - Producers, Consumers and decomposers - Oxygen cycle and nitrogen cycle - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession processes - Introduction, Types, Characteristic features, Structure and function of the (a) Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (Ponds, Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries) - Introduction to biodiversity definition : Genetic, Species and ecosystem diversity - Biogeographical classification of India - Value of biodiversity : Consumptive use, Productive use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic and option values - Biodiversity at global, national and local levels - India as a mega-diversity nation - Hot-spots of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity : Habitat loss, Poaching of wildlife, Man - wildlife conflicts - Endangered and endemic species of India - Conservation of biodiversity : In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Field study of common plants, Insects, Birds, Field-study of simple ecosystems - Pond, River,Hill slopes, etc.
UNIT - II Environmental Pollution (Chapter - 5)
Definition - Causes, Effects and control measures of : (a) Air pollution (Atmospheric chemistry - Chemical composition of the atmosphere; Chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere - Formation of smog, PAN, acid rain, oxygen and ozone chemistry; Mitigation procedures - Control of particulate and gaseous emission, Control of SO2, NOx, CO and HC) (b) Water pollution : Physical and chemical properties of terrestrial and marine water and their environmental significance ; Water quality parameters - Physical, Chemical and biological ; Absorption of heavy metals - Water treatment processes. (c) Soil pollution - Soil waste management : Causes, Effects and control measures of municipal solid wastes - (d) Marine pollution, (e) Noise pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards-Role of an individual in prevention of pollution - Pollution case studies - Field study of local polluted site - Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural.
UNIT - III Natural Resources (Chapter - 2)
Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, Deforestation, Case studies - Timber extraction, Mining, Dams and their effects on forests and tribal people - Water resources : Use and overutilization of surface and ground water, Dams-benefits and problems - Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, Environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, Case studies - Food resources : World food problems, Changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, Effects of modern agriculture, Fertilizer-pesticide problems, Water logging, Salinity, Case studies - Energy resources : Growing energy needs, Renewable and non renewable energy sources, Use of alternate energy sources. Energy conversion processes - Biogas - Production and uses, Anaerobic digestion ; Case studies - Land resources : Land as a resource, Land degradation, Man induced landslides, Soil erosion and desertification - Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources - Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Introduction to environmental biochemistry : Proteins - Biochemical degradation of pollutants, Bioconversion of pollutants. Field study of local area to document environmental assets - River / forest / grassland / hill /mountain.
UNIT - IV Social Issues and the Environment (Chapter - 6)
From unsustainable to sustainable development - Urban problems related to energy - Water conservation, Rain water harvesting, Watershed management- Resettlement and rehabilitation of people ; Its problems and concerns, Case studies - Role of non-governmental organization - Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions - 12 Principles of green chemistry - Nuclear accidents and holocaust, Case studies - Wasteland reclamation - Consumerism and waste products - Environment production act - Air act - Water act - Wildlife protection act - Forest conservation act. The Biomedical waste (Management and handling) rules; 1998 and amendments - Scheme of labeling of environmentally friendly products (Ecomark). Enforcement machinery involved in environmental legislation - Central and state pollution control boards - Disaster management : Floods, Earthquake, Cyclone and landslides. Public awareness.
UNIT - V Human Population and the Environment (Chapter - 7)
Population growth, Variation among nations - Population explosion - Family welfare programme - Environment and human health - Human rights : Value education - HIV / AIDS - Women and child welfare - Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) - GIS - Remote sensing - Role of information technology in environment and human health - Case studies.
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